杭州城市交通拥挤现状及对策

在分析杭州市交通供需现状的基础上,提出了规划多中心结构和混合功能区,以减少不必要的出行以及合理配置交通源,并对改善中心区交通提出切实可行的对策。     

坡道起动加速试验结果的折算模型研究

平均加速度和剩余加速度是评价动车组、城轨车辆加速性能的关键指标,一般由平直轨道上的起动加速试验结果计算获得;但有时会受试验条件限制而选择在坡道上实施。现建立一个数学模型,采用逼近方法,将在坡道上进行起动加速试验的结果折算到平直轨道上,并可用折算后的结果计算加速性能指标,对模型的精确性影响因素、坡度大小的限制条件进行了分析。通过模型将坡道起动加速试验结果折算到平直道并和实际平直道试验结果进行了对比,验证了折算模型的可行性和准确性。该模型还可以推广应用于惰行或制动距离的坡道折算和回转质量系数计算等。     

舰船惯导水平姿态误差动态自主评估与补偿方法

针对海上舰船惯导长时间工作而又无法获得外部导航校准信息、无法评估惯导水平姿态误差问题,提出利用惯导自身信息实现水平姿态误差评估与补偿的新方法。根据舰船稳速直航状态下的实际加速度值近似为零的特点,分析惯导等效加速度和惯导速度误差与水平姿态角误差之间的关系,建立海上舰船惯导水平姿态误差自主评估模型。仿真实验分析结果表明,提出的水平姿态误差动态自主评估与补偿方法,在不依赖外部导航信息条件下,实现惯导水平姿态误差动态自主评估与补偿,在给定的仿真实验条件下,水平姿态角误差最大值和振荡范围均减小了75.8%,有效提升了舰船惯导的水平姿态精度。     

地铁提速对减振垫浮置板轨道振动特征的影响分析

为研究地铁列车提速对减振垫浮置板轨道的振动特征的影响,对比分析地铁列车行车速度为80 km/h和120 km/h工况下减振垫浮置板轨道时域和频域的实测结果。分析结果表明:行车速度对减振垫浮置板轨道结构垂向位移的影响不大;行车速度为120 km/h的工况下钢轨、浮置板、隧道的振动加速度1/3倍频程的峰值较行车速度为80 km/h的工况下的峰值分别有6.2、2.8、0.5 dB的增大;分频段分析各测点振动加速度综合振级,结果显示:在0~20 Hz与20~80 Hz频段内,只有钢轨的振动加速度综合振级增长超过5%,浮置板与隧道振级变化均小于2.5%,在80~120 km/h速度范围内,行车速度的提高对减振垫浮置板轨道隧道振动的影响并不明显。     

地铁列车激励下岩石场地振动传递特性测试分析

为分析地铁列车运行引起岩石场地振动传递特性,选取青岛某地铁线路区间,对正常运营的地铁引起隧道及地面垂向振动进行同步测试分析。结果表明:1)隧道与地面振动主要集中在50~200 Hz,隧道200 Hz处的振动最为显著,地面60~80 Hz的振动最为显著。地面距离隧道中心线90 m范围内,振动呈波动衰减,在距离隧道中心线30 m与75 m处,存在2个振动放大区,相对于其前一测点,均在8~25 Hz与60~80 Hz频段有所放大;2)隧道壁至地面振动传递损失曲线均近似呈V型分布,高频段振动传递损失较低频段大,传递损失基本在20~25 Hz附近最小,大部分测点在此频段传递损失出现负值,说明此频段附近振动加速度从隧道壁传递至地面有放大现象;3)地铁列车运行引起青岛岩石场地振动传递特性与其他场地类别相比有相似性也有差异性,测试结果可为青岛地铁后期线路规划对地面环境振动影响提供参考。     

轻轨线路平面最小曲线半径探讨

轻轨系统作为一种中运量的城市轨道交通系统具有广阔的应用空间,轻轨线路的平面曲线半径对线路的适用性、投资大小、换乘方便程度、施工难易程度、旅客乘坐的舒适性以及养护维修工作量等均有重要影响,因此选择合适的平面最小曲线半径具有重要意义.结合轻轨线路的特点,分析确定线路平面最小曲线半径的基本原理,讨论影响线路平面曲线半径大小的...     

非自由液化场地地基动力性能大型振动台模型试验研究

基于1∶10模型大型振动台试验,研究非自由液化场地的地基动力性能。液化场地条件下,与自由场地基相比,非自由场地地基的自振频率明显加大、动力耗能作用提高较小。土层液化前且在小震输入下,地基动力变形的线性特征较突出,主要表现为对地震波的动力放大作用,加速度反应自下而上逐渐增大;土层完全液化后,地基加速度反应自下而上也逐渐增大,这是由于液化地基的层间剪切运动加快且加快的速率自下而上逐渐增大所致。地基孔压变化主要受两方面因素影响:一是随埋深减小,孔压减小,但孔压比增大;二是离桩距离越近,孔压和孔压比越大。土层液化前,输入波主要峰值过后,自下而上孔压消散逐渐减慢。较大震输入下,自下而上孔压有减小的趋势,但最大孔压比均很快达到液化孔压比;输入波主要峰值过后,孔压消散很缓慢,尤其是孔压消散随埋深减小越来越慢。试验中还出现瞬时负孔压的有趣现象,这也许是由于可液化土层发生瞬时膨胀作用所致。     

路侧公交专用车道模式下右转交织长度建模

在设置路侧公交专用道的交叉口处,可通过划定交织区的方式允许右转车辆借用一定长度的公交专用道通行.合理规划公交车与右转车的交织区长度有利于提高借道右转的通行效率,减少在交织区前的排队车辆数从而降低道路混乱程度,保障公交车的专用路权.本文分析了公交站点影响下的公交车车头时距分布,建立了右转车穿越交织区长度计算模型,并结合实际调查数据进行了算例分析和模型验证.研究成果可为公交优先条件下的交叉口空间优化设计提供理论参考.     

Analytical and simulation approaches to understand combined effects of transit signal priority and road-space priority measures

Transit signal priority (TSP) may be combined with road-space priority (RSP) measures to increase its effectiveness. Previous studies have investigated the combination of TSP and RSP measures, such as TSP with dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) and TSP with queue jump lanes (QJLs). However, in these studies, combined effects are usually not compared with separate effects of each measure. In addition, there is no comprehensive study dedicated to understanding combined effects of TSP and RSP measures. It remains unclear whether combining TSP and RSP measures creates an additive effect where the combined effect of TSP and RSP measures is equal to the sum of their separate effects. The existence of such an additive effect would suggest considerable benefits from combining TSP and RSP measures. This paper explores combined effects of TSP and RSP measures, including TSP with DBLs and TSP with QJLs. Analytical results based on time-space diagrams indicate that at an intersection level, the combined effect on bus delay savings is smaller than the additive effect if there is no nearside bus stop and the traffic condition in the base case is under-saturated or near-saturated. With a near-side bus stop, the combined effect on bus delay savings at an intersection level can be better than the additive effect (or over-additive effect), depending on dwell time, distance from the bus stop to the stop line, traffic demand, and cycle length. In addition, analytical results suggest that at an arterial level, the combined effect on bus delay savings can be the over-additive effect with suitable signal offsets. These results are confirmed by a micro-simulation case study. Combined effects on arterial and side-street traffic delays are also discussed.     

A systematic analysis of multimodal transport systems with road space distribution and responsive bus service

A smart design of transport systems involves efficient use and allocation of the limited urban road capacity in the multimodal environment. This paper intends to understand the system-wide effect of dividing the road space to the private and public transport modes and how the public transport service provider responds to the space changes. To this end, the bimodal dynamic user equilibrium is formulated for separated road space. The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) model is employed to depict the dynamics of the automobile traffic for its state-dependent feature, its inclusion of hypercongestion, and its advantage of capturing network topology. The delay of a bus trip depends on the running speed which is in turn affected by bus lane capacity and ridership. Within the proposed bimodal framework, the steady-state equilibrium traffic characteristics and the optimal bus fare and service frequency are analytically derived. The counter-intuitive properties of traffic condition, modal split, and behavior of bus operator in the hypercongestion are identified. To understand the interaction between the transport authority (for system benefit maximization) and the bus operator (for its own benefit maximization), we examine how the bus operator responds to space changes and how the system benefit is influenced with the road space allocation. With responsive bus service, the condition, under which expanding bus lane capacity is beneficial to the system as a whole, has been analytically established. Then the model is applied to the dynamic framework where the space allocation changes with varying demand and demand-responsive bus service. We compare the optimal bus services under different economic objectives, evaluate the system performance of the bimodal network, and explore the dynamic space allocation strategy for the sake of social welfare maximization.